What is 'Natural Rights Theory'?

Natural Rights Theory posits that individuals possess inherent rights simply by being human, and these rights are not granted or bestowed by any external authority, such as the state or government. Instead, these rights, often understood to include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, are considered universal and inalienable, meaning they cannot be surrendered or taken away. This philosophy significantly influenced early American political thought and is foundational to principles outlined in texts such as the Declaration of Independence.

The concept emphasizes that everyone is entitled to certain freedoms and protections by virtue of their existence, regardless of varying societal norms or government decisions. This perspective contrasts sharply with beliefs that rights are contingent upon laws or societal standards, asserting instead a more philosophical and ethical basis for individual entitlement to rights.