What powers does the Patriot Act of 2002 grant to the FBI and CIA?

The Patriot Act of 2002 significantly expanded the surveillance and investigative powers of law enforcement agencies, including the FBI and CIA, specifically in the realm of counterterrorism. One of the key provisions of the Act allows these agencies to wiretap phones and monitor communications without necessarily providing prior notification to the individuals being monitored. This provision was designed to enable quicker responses in national security situations, allowing law enforcement to gather intelligence and evidence against suspected terrorists more efficiently.

The ability to conduct such wiretaps and monitor communications is a critical aspect of the Act, as it aims to enhance the government's capability to prevent terrorist activities by facilitating real-time monitoring of potential threats. This reflects a balance, albeit a contentious one, between national security interests and individual privacy rights.

The other options do not accurately capture the specifics of the powers granted by the Patriot Act. While there are measures concerning the detention of suspects, these do not equate to the ability to arrest without any evidence. Access to military data is not a central feature of the Patriot Act, focusing instead on domestic surveillance and intelligence. Lastly, the Act does not permit unrestricted public surveillance of citizens outside of legal frameworks, as this would infringe on civil liberties and privacy rights.