Which concept emphasizes checking the powers of different branches of government?

The concept of checks and balances is crucial in understanding how the American government operates. It refers to the system that ensures that no single branch of government—executive, legislative, or judicial—can dominate or abuse its power. Each branch has specific powers and responsibilities, but also the ability to review and limit the actions of the others.

For example, while the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch can veto them, and the judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional. This interdependence and ability to monitor one another are fundamental to maintaining the balance of power within the government, preventing tyranny and protecting individual rights. Thus, checks and balances serve as a safeguard against the concentration of power, ensuring that all branches remain accountable to the Constitution and to the people.

Other concepts, like federalism, refer to the division of power between national and state governments but do not specifically address the interactions among branches of government. Judicial review is the power of the courts to assess the constitutionality of laws and actions but is a component under the checks and balances system. Popular sovereignty focuses on the authority of the people and their ability to govern themselves rather than the relationship between government branches.